MULTIMODAL EDUCATION ENTREPRENEURSHIP NETWORKS AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL FORMATION DYNAMICS

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the relationships among multimodal education, university entrepreneurship, and intellectual capital formation through the specification and testing of a network model using Gephi. A quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory, and correlational design was implemented with a sample of 300 university students participating in multimodal learning environments. The proposed model integrated Multimodal Education, Entrepreneurial Competencies, Innovation Orientation, Knowledge Management, Collaborative Learning, Human Capital, Structural Capital, and Relational Capital. Data were collected using a validated instrument composed of sixty indicators distributed across the principal dimensions of the model. Reliability, validity, and network analyses were conducted to evaluate the structural properties of the proposed framework.

The findings revealed significant positive relationships among all variables. Multimodal Education demonstrated strong connections with Collaborative Learning, Entrepreneurial Competencies, and Human Capital. Entrepreneurial Competencies exhibited substantial associations with Innovation Orientation, Human Capital, and Relational Capital. Knowledge Management emerged as a central mechanism influencing Human Capital and Structural Capital. Collaborative Learning functioned as a strategic intermediary process facilitating knowledge exchange and competency development. Human Capital occupied the most influential position within the network, while Relational Capital represented the primary destination of knowledge flows. Network metrics indicated high density, strong clustering, and interconnected community structures, supporting the existence of an integrated entrepreneurial ecosystem.

The results suggest that intellectual capital formation is a multidimensional and networked process supported by educational innovation, entrepreneurial development, collaborative interaction, and knowledge management practices. The Gephi model provided evidence that multimodal educational environments contribute directly and indirectly to the development of entrepreneurial capabilities and intellectual capital dimensions. The study advances understanding of university entrepreneurship from a network perspective and offers methodological and practical implications for educational institutions seeking to strengthen innovation, knowledge creation, and sustainable intellectual capital development.